A city of Exeter is the county town of Devon, in England, UK. These are placed at . In the 2001 census its population was recorded at 111,066. A city's catchword, Semper fidelis, was suggested by Elizabeth I.

Situation
Until a construction of main road by-lives in the twentieth century, Exeter was the last bridging point of the River Exe, & so developed as an administrative and route centre. From either Saxon times until the nineteenth century, the diocese of Exeter covered the whole of the counties of Devon & Cornwall, & civil administration and services tended to watch a lines of the ecclesiastical. Exeter was likewise a port: a set boundaries of tides of the Flow of any stream Exe lies in the image below Exeter, & the settlement of Topsham on a estuary (nowadays in the city limits) developed as a port for the city, however goods were transported to the city's quays in lighters. In time a shipway was constructed then that ocean-seagoing vessels may email the city's quays, & this remained around regular have until ships increased around size by having a development of steam power. These are however utilized for leisure yachting.

Economy
the city will bring hard industries & services to a sizable front yard. A Met Office, the independent weather forecasting organisation for the United Kingdom and one of the virtually all important in the globe, resettled from either Bracknell in Berkshire to Exeter in early 2004. These are one of a triad big employers in a area (a others existence the University of Exeter and Devon County Council), providing a welcome boost to the local economy.

In June 26, 2004, Exeter was granted Fairtrade City status.

Inside June 2005 it wwhen singled out among towns with populations between 5,000 & 150,000 as a worst "clone town" around Great Britain. By "clone town" a New Economics Foundation meant "a place that has had the individuality of its high street shops replaced by a monochrome strip of global and national chains"; by the foundation's metrical Exeter is the town virtually all easy "mistaken for dozens of other bland town centres across the country." Exeter's High Street experienced merely a single independent shop a period of the survey (a tobacconist), & the least varied choice of shop types, using "little more than clothing retailers, a few electronics shops and some stationery or bookstores" instead of the independence & diversity seen within towns like Hebden Bridge, Peebles, and Lewes. Numerous local residents sense that this was a superficial judgement, & that the Foundation's investigator seem does'nt to use at times seemed super stiff; when Exeter's independent shops clean mostly eschew a High Street (a nondescript case of quickly post-war reconstruction charted the 1942 bombing), there are plenty of them in the other interesting roads immediately connecting thereto, as a recent survey per Royal Town Planning Institute confirms.

History
A Latin name for Exeter, Isca Dumnoniorum , suggests that the city was originally the Celtic oppidum, or town, on the banks on the Flow of any stream Exe before to the foundation of the Roman city in c. AD 50. Such early towns, or even proto-cities, got been the feature of pre-Roman Gaul every bit described by Julius Caesar in his Gallic Commentaries and it is non unlikely that it existed inside neighboring Britain as well. Iscthe is clearly a Celtic generic noun and a Romans felt a want to label a city Isca Dumnoniorum, or even a Isca of the Dumnonii, sequentially to distinguish it from either such settlements when Isca Silurum (modern Caerleon-on-Usk inside Monmouthshire).

Isca Dumnoniorum was a virtually all south-westerly Roman fortified cash settlement within England. Important area of a Roman wall remain, though the present seeable structure was largely created on the orders of Alfred the Great to protect a far west of his kingdom ensuing the Viking occupation of 876. Virtually all of its route may be traced in foot. There is a real Roman baths complex that was excavated in the 1970s.[http://www.britarch.ac.uk/ba/ba65/feat2.shtml], but because of its proximity to a cathedral, it has non been practicable to locate the excavation for public review. Exeter was as well a southern starting point for the Fosse Way Roman road.

Within 876 Exeter was attacked and captured per Danes. King Alfred drove a children retired the next month.

A city was once more besieged per Danes inside 894 however they were non respire to choose a city, & presently abandoned a military blockade.

Around 1067 the city rebelled against William the Conqueror who promptly marched West to besiege the city. the city submitted single when a Eighteen day beleaguering. A portion of the Capulation agreement wequally that all the nobleman in the city would exist as confirmed in their positions as yearn as a castle was built.

Exeter was held against King Stephen by Baldwin de Redvers in 1140 and submitted only whenever a deuce-ace year besieging when the the diapers of freshwater ran out.

Inside 1537, the city was mass produced the county corporate. A Livery Dole Almshouses and Chapel at Heavitree were founded in March 1591 and finished in 1594. It might however become seen now in a street which bears the title Livery Dole.

Exeter was at number one the Parliamentary town in the English Civil War in the largely Royalist South West, but it was captured per Royalists on a 4th of September 1643 and it remained in their control until touching the prevent of the war.

Early in the English Industrial revolution, Exeter's industry developed on a basis of locally available agricultural products, since the city's locatiin on the convenient-flowing flow of any stream gave it quick access to water power. Notwithstanding whenever steam power replaced water in the late nineteenth century, Exeter was as well far from either sources of coal (or even iron) to acquire farther. Following a city declined within proportional importance, & was spared a rapid nineteenth century development that changed many historic European cities.

Exeter was bombed per German Luftwaffe during WWII, in the 1942 raid that formed part of the Baedeker Blitz. Forty acres (160,000 m²) of the city, particularly adjacent to its central High Street and Sidwell Street, were levelled by incendiary bombing. Numerous historic buildings were destroyed, & others, including Exeter Cathedral, damaged. A city was rebuilt in the 1950s in an attempt to preserve its ancient heritage, though numerous sense that a post-war reconstruction wwhen infirm & failed to conserve partly-damaged structures that stand been kept, as well as making too many concessions to motor traffic. Presently, despite occasionally local opposition, of these rebuilt street, Princesshay, is existence redeveloped over agaaround in the extra modern style. Antecedently regarded when 2nd sole to Bath as an architectural site within southern England, Exeter is today the city by using the bit of beautiful buildings like than a beautiful city. Following, although there is a important tourist trade, Exeter is not dominated by touristry.

Politics and administration
Exeter forms one parliamentary seat. These are comparatively marginal, & since a 2nd Globe War its Member of Parliament has usually been drawn from either a governing person. At a United Kingdom general election, 1997, Ben Bradshaw was elected as MP for Exeter, & he retained a seat at a elections of 2001 and 2005.

Exeter's city council is a district authority, and shares responsibility for local government with the Devon County Council. Around recent years, a city council has been dominated by Labour Party and Liberal Democrat members. Since 2003, no person has got the majority on the council.

Notable Buildings

Among a guiding light buildings within Exeter come: A cathedral, founded in 1050 when the bishop's seat was moved from either a nearby town of Crediton (birthplace of Saint Boniface) because Exeter's Roman walls offered better protection against "pirates", presumptively Vikings. The statue of Richard Hooker, the sixteenth century Anglican theologian, who was innate within Exeter, has the large place in the Cathedral Close. A ruins of Rougemont Castle, built soon fallowing a Norman Conquest; later area of the castle come however inside have as an Assize court, though a newly courts complex is under construction & a castle might probably get accessible to tourer following. A Guildhall, a oldest municipal building witharound England however in apply. the Guild of Tuckers & Weavers, a ticket old building that is however utilized for ache functions. A Custom Home in the attractive Quay area St Nicholas Priory around Mint Lane. The total of mediaeval churches including St Mary Steps which has an elaborate clock. 'A Home That Moved', the 14th century Tudor building, earned its title around 1961 while it was moved from either its original location on the corner of Edmund Street sequentially for the freshly road to become built within its place. Weighing supplementary than twenty-a single metric ton, it was strapped together & slowly moved two or three inches at once to its present day house.

Numerous one come built in a local dark red sandstone, which gives its title to the castle & the park that today surrounds it (Rougemont = red hill). a plaque touching the gatehouse recalls that around 1685 Alice Molland the last individual executed for witchery witharound England, was executed in Exeter.

Northenhay Gardens located just outside a castle, is the oldest public open space in the whole of England, existence originally placed call at 1612 as a pleasure walk for Exeter residents. Very much of Northernhay gardens at present represent Victorian project, sustaining the beautiful display of trees, matured bush & bushes & plenty of bed of flowers. Ton this button are too numbers of statues here, virtually all importantly a War Memorial by John Angel & a Deerstalker by E.B.Stephens. A Volunteer Memorial from either 1895, also around a gardens commemorates the formation of the First Rifle Volunteers in 1852. More statues include John Dinham, Thomas Dyke Ackland and Stafford Northcote (the local landholder world health organization was a Victorian Chancellor of the Exchequer).

Culture
Literature
A Exeter Book, an original manuscript and one of a first documents inside Anglo-Saxon literature, is saved in the vaults of Exeter Cathedral. A Exeter Book dates back to the tenth century and is one of four manuscripts that between a two contaaround most the living poetry in Old English. It includes virtually all of the sir thomas more extremely regarded shorter verse form, the bit of religious pieces, & the series of riddles, a handful of which are then famously slightly lewd.

A Inquisitio Eliensis, the "Exon Domesday" (and so known as from either a preservation of the volume at Exeter), occurs as volume of Domesday Book that contains a fully details which the original comes back supplied.

Theatre
A Northcott Theatre is located on the campus of the university & is one of comparatively pack provincial English theatres to maintain its have repertory company. Its annual open air Shakespeare performance in the grounds of Rougemont Castle is swell regarded nationally. There are as well ii amateur theatre buildings by using associated corporations.

A Barnfield Theatre was converted in 1972 from either A Barnfield Hall which was built towards a prevent of the 19th century by Exeter Literary Society. A theatre occurs as charity & is utilized as a venue for amateur & office theatrical corporations.

Music
The Cavern Club around Queen Street is the place to go for survive punk & indie music Exeter doesn't have a resident agent orchestra. A Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra tours to the city regularly. a cathedral choir is nationally known, & a cathedral is ofttimes the venue for concerts by camping orchestras. There is an annual Festival, of all the arts however by having the particular concentration of musical events Children of the Drone is an improvisational music collective, based inside Exeter since 2001

Museums and galleries
The city museum is the Royal Albert Memorial Museum in Queen Street. a Phoenix Arts Centre occupies the previous university places within Gandy Street. Spacex occurs as hanker constituted modern art gallery

Newspapers
Express and Echo, daily (todays) Flying Post, weekly (discontinued 1917, but revived inside 1975 as an alternative community magazine) The Western Morning News, a Plymouth-printed daily regional paper, is likewise popular

Twin towns
Exeter is twinned with: Rennes in Brittany, France Bad Homburg in Germany Yaroslavl in Russia Terracina in Italy

the city as well tries to maintain a relationship by having HMS Exeter.

Colleges and Universities
The University of Exeter has two campuses in the city, each notable for their attractive park. These are one of a big employers in the city. Exeter is one of a quaternity independent web sites of the University of Plymouth The Peninsula Medical School, a joint operation of the ii universities, has one of its independent web sites inside Exeter St Loye's School of Health Studies, swell known for expert training inside occupational therapy has now been incorporated into a University of Plymouth. Exeter College occurs as major Further Education college Exeter is personal to many substantial language schools

Sports
Exeter's football club, Exeter City F.C., was relegated from the Football League in 2003 after 83 years' membership. Rugby Union is popular in the south-west: Exeter's team is the Exeter Chiefs. The University of Exeter has a hard reputation inside sport & regularly wins or even comes some winning national trophies inside inter-university sports

Transport
Road
A M5 motorway to Bristol and Birmingham starts at Exeter, and connects at Bristol by owning a M4 to London. A older A30 road provides the shorter however another time slower route to London.

Running west, a A38 connects Exeter to Plymouth and South Cornwall, whilst a A30 continues to Okehampton and North Cornwall.

Rail
There are ii main line railway routes from Exeter to London, a sooner Great Western Main Line route via Taunton to London Paddington and the slower West of England Main Line via Salisbury to London Waterloo. An additional main line, a Cross-Country Route, links Exeter with Bristol, Birmingham, the Midlands, Northern England, and Scotland. Several trains in 100% ternion lines prove my point westward from either Exeter, multifariously serving Torbay, Plymouth and Cornwall.

Local spur track redo to Paignton (see Riviera Line), Exmouth (see Avocet Line) and Barnstaple (see Tarka Line). There exists likewise the summertime weekend service to Okehampton for access to Dartmoor.

Exeter is served by deuce independent railroad terminal. Exeter St David's is served by all services, whilst Exeter Central is more convenient for the city centre but served only by local services and the main line route to London Waterloo. There are likewise 5 suburban stations, St. James Park, Exeter St. Thomas, Polsloe Bridge, Pinhoe and Digby & Sowton, served only by local services.

Air
There is a little airport near a city & the local airline, previously known as Jersey European and British European but now called Flybe, is a important local employer. the Drome offers a kind of scheduled & charter flights including a seasonal service to Toronto in Canada.